Javanese Literature History begins with an inscription that was found in Sukabumi (Sukobumi), Pare, Kediri, East Java. Inscription commonly known by the name of this Sukabumi inscription bertarikh March 25 in 804 AD. Its contents are written in Old Javanese. After the Sukabumi inscription, found another inscription from the year 856 AD which contains a poem called kakawin. Kakawin incomplete this is the oldest poem in the Java language (Ancient).
Usually the literary history of Java is divided into four time:
• Old Javanese Literature
• Middle Javanese literature
• New Java Literature
• Modern Javanese Literature
There is also a Java-Bali's Literature category, which evolved from the Middle Javanese literature. In addition, there are also Java-Lombok Literature, Literature of Java-Sunda, Java-Madura Literature, and Literature of Java-Palembang. Of all the traditional literature Archipelago, Java literature is the most developed and most literary works are stored. But after the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, in 1945 Javanese literature rather on his stepson because the Unitary State of Indonesia, the preferred unit.
Java language is first written in a script derived from the script Pallawa South India. This script that became the forerunner of modern Javanese or Hanacaraka who are still using today. With the development of Islam in the 15th century and into the 16th, the Arabic alphabet is also used to write the Java language, the letter is called by the name of the letter pegon. When Europeans came to Java, Latin alphabet was used to write the Java language.
Categories Javanese literature
Literature globally Java can be divided into two categories: written in the form of prose or poetry. In the form of prose usually disebutga NCA ra n and in the form of poetry is usually called as song. Most Javanese literary works written in the form of songs from the beginning even until today.
Old Javanese Literature
Old Javanese Literature, or sometimes spelled as Old Javanese literature includes literature written in Old Javanese in the period more or less written from the 9th century until the 14th century AD, beginning with the Inscription of Sukabumi. These literary works written in the form of prose (prose) and poetry (kakawin). These works include genres such as epic poems, statute law, chronic (Chronicle), and religious books. Old Javanese Literature inherited in the form of manuscripts and inscriptions. Manuscripts containing the Old Javanese texts amount to thousands while the inscriptions there are tens and even hundreds of them. Although here should be noted that not all literary texts contain inscriptions.
Literary works written in Java is important that this period included Candakarana, Kakawin Mahabharatada Ramayana and translation in
Old Javanese language.
Old Javanese literary works largely preserved in Bali and manuscripts written on papyrus manuscripts. Although most of the ancient Javanese literature preserved in Bali, Java and Madura, there is also a preserved ancient Javanese literature. Even in Java there are also Old Javanese texts that are not known in Bali.
Scientific research on ancient Javanese literature began to flourish in the early 19th century and was originally founded by Stamford Raffles, Governor-General of the United Kingdom which ruled the island of Java. Apart from being a statesman, he is also interested in local culture. Together with his assistant, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, he collected and studied ancient Javanese texts.
Regarding the Old Javanese term
The term ancient Javanese literature is a bit ambiguous. This term can mean literature in the Java language prior to the entry of the influence of Islam [1] or the more subtle divisions: Javanese literature the longest. So is the literature of Java before the Middle Javanese literature. Middle Javanese literature is the transition between Old Javanese literature and literary New Java. In this article, this last definition is used.
[2] The tradition of Old Javanese Literature decline preserved to this day largely derived in manuscript form that have been copied many times over. So they are rarely written in the original form as when first made, unless it is written on a durable paper material such as stone, copper and others. The oldest inscriptions in Old Javanese language comes from the year 804, but it is not a literary text. The oldest literary text in an inscription found on the inscription on the chronicle Siwagreha which comes from the year 856 AD.
Meanwhile, the oldest manuscript is a manuscript palm leaves from the 13th century and found in West Java. Nipah manuscript contains text that berasaldari Kakawin Arjunawiwaha the 11th century.
Overview
Many texts in the Old Javanese language is preserved from the 9th century until the 14th century. But not all of these texts is the literary text. Of this period inherited about 20 texts and 25 texts prose poetry. Most of these texts were written after the 11th century.
Old Javanese poetry
List of Old Javanese Literature in the form of prose
1.Candakarana
Hyang 2.Sang Kamahayanikan
3.Brahmandapurana
4.Agastyaparwa
5.Uttarakanda
6.Adiparwa
7.Sabhaparwa
8.Wirataparwa, 996
9.Udyogaparwa
10.Bhismaparwa
11.Asramawasanaparwa
12.Mosalaparwa
13.Prasthanikaparwa
14.Swargarohanaparwa
15.Kunjarakarna
Candakarana
Candakarana is a kind of dictionary or encyclopedia may also be called Java Kuna and its version of the earliest written at approximately the 8th century AD.
Experts suspect that very early period of this because this book contains the name of the dynasty. While the dynasty king who built the Borobudur temple is expected to rule by the end of the 8th century AD.
Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan
Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is a literary work in prose form. In the back is called Java seorangraja name, ie Mpu Spoon, who dwells in Java Timurmulai from tahun929 until 947 years of lessons Masehi.isinya Mahayana Buddhism. Most of the composition perincinan gods in schools Mahayanaan often match the placement of the kings of Buddha in Borobudur temple. There are also about people samadi procedure.
Brahmandapurana
Brahmandapurana is an Old Javanese literary prose form. This literary work contains no date when the orders were written and by whom. But viewed from the style of language is likely to come from the same period by Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan. But there are major differences, namely Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is the book of the Mahayana Buddhists while Brahmandapurana written for and by religion (Hindu) Shiva.
Its contents vary, such as the origin story of the world and jagatraya created, the state of nature, appeared four castes (Brahmins, warriors, Vaishya and sudra), about the different stages of the Brahmins (caturasrama) and others.
Agastyaparwa
Agastyaparwa is an Old Javanese literary prose form. Brahmandapurana similar contents. Although Agastyaparwa written in Old Javanese language, but many Seloka-Seloka inserted in Sanskrit.
The contents of the circumstances of a saint called the Dredhasyu the discussion and ask for teaching to his father the Bagawan Agastya. One of the things discussed was the matter of why someone went up to heaven or falling into hell.
Uttarakanda
Uttarakanda is the book to-7 Ra m ay a na. It is estimated that this book is extra. Book Uttarakanda in bentukprosa found also in Old Javanese. The content was not found in Kakawin Ramayana. At the beginning of the Old Javanese version of this there are references to refer to King Dharmawangsa Teguh.
Content
• Story Ravana
o Occurrence of the giants, the ancestor of Ravana or
Rawana
o Fiber Arjunasasrabahu Stories
• Story Goddess Sita
o Disposal of Sita in the forest, because it had long been on the side
Rama
o Birth goad and Lawa in the hermitage in the forest
o 'Death "Sita Adiparwa
Adiparwa (Sanskrit) is the first book or parts (parwa) first of kisahMahabha flat. Basically, this section contains a summary of the overall story of the Mahabharata, the stories about the background story, the ancestor of keluargaBhara ta, to youth danPandawa Kauravas). Her story is told in a frame story and the story line jumped up and down so it does not flow well. The narrative of the Bharata family story begins with a conversation between Bagawan Ugrasrawa who went in the woods Nemisa Sonaka Bagawan
ANDRA JOGJA
• Old Javanese Literature
• Middle Javanese literature
• New Java Literature
• Modern Javanese Literature
There is also a Java-Bali's Literature category, which evolved from the Middle Javanese literature. In addition, there are also Java-Lombok Literature, Literature of Java-Sunda, Java-Madura Literature, and Literature of Java-Palembang. Of all the traditional literature Archipelago, Java literature is the most developed and most literary works are stored. But after the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, in 1945 Javanese literature rather on his stepson because the Unitary State of Indonesia, the preferred unit.
Java language is first written in a script derived from the script Pallawa South India. This script that became the forerunner of modern Javanese or Hanacaraka who are still using today. With the development of Islam in the 15th century and into the 16th, the Arabic alphabet is also used to write the Java language, the letter is called by the name of the letter pegon. When Europeans came to Java, Latin alphabet was used to write the Java language.
Categories Javanese literature
Literature globally Java can be divided into two categories: written in the form of prose or poetry. In the form of prose usually disebutga NCA ra n and in the form of poetry is usually called as song. Most Javanese literary works written in the form of songs from the beginning even until today.
Old Javanese Literature
Old Javanese Literature, or sometimes spelled as Old Javanese literature includes literature written in Old Javanese in the period more or less written from the 9th century until the 14th century AD, beginning with the Inscription of Sukabumi. These literary works written in the form of prose (prose) and poetry (kakawin). These works include genres such as epic poems, statute law, chronic (Chronicle), and religious books. Old Javanese Literature inherited in the form of manuscripts and inscriptions. Manuscripts containing the Old Javanese texts amount to thousands while the inscriptions there are tens and even hundreds of them. Although here should be noted that not all literary texts contain inscriptions.
Literary works written in Java is important that this period included Candakarana, Kakawin Mahabharatada Ramayana and translation in
Old Javanese language.
Old Javanese literary works largely preserved in Bali and manuscripts written on papyrus manuscripts. Although most of the ancient Javanese literature preserved in Bali, Java and Madura, there is also a preserved ancient Javanese literature. Even in Java there are also Old Javanese texts that are not known in Bali.
Scientific research on ancient Javanese literature began to flourish in the early 19th century and was originally founded by Stamford Raffles, Governor-General of the United Kingdom which ruled the island of Java. Apart from being a statesman, he is also interested in local culture. Together with his assistant, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, he collected and studied ancient Javanese texts.
Regarding the Old Javanese term
The term ancient Javanese literature is a bit ambiguous. This term can mean literature in the Java language prior to the entry of the influence of Islam [1] or the more subtle divisions: Javanese literature the longest. So is the literature of Java before the Middle Javanese literature. Middle Javanese literature is the transition between Old Javanese literature and literary New Java. In this article, this last definition is used.
[2] The tradition of Old Javanese Literature decline preserved to this day largely derived in manuscript form that have been copied many times over. So they are rarely written in the original form as when first made, unless it is written on a durable paper material such as stone, copper and others. The oldest inscriptions in Old Javanese language comes from the year 804, but it is not a literary text. The oldest literary text in an inscription found on the inscription on the chronicle Siwagreha which comes from the year 856 AD.
Meanwhile, the oldest manuscript is a manuscript palm leaves from the 13th century and found in West Java. Nipah manuscript contains text that berasaldari Kakawin Arjunawiwaha the 11th century.
Overview
Many texts in the Old Javanese language is preserved from the 9th century until the 14th century. But not all of these texts is the literary text. Of this period inherited about 20 texts and 25 texts prose poetry. Most of these texts were written after the 11th century.
Old Javanese poetry
List of Old Javanese Literature in the form of prose
1.Candakarana
Hyang 2.Sang Kamahayanikan
3.Brahmandapurana
4.Agastyaparwa
5.Uttarakanda
6.Adiparwa
7.Sabhaparwa
8.Wirataparwa, 996
9.Udyogaparwa
10.Bhismaparwa
11.Asramawasanaparwa
12.Mosalaparwa
13.Prasthanikaparwa
14.Swargarohanaparwa
15.Kunjarakarna
Candakarana
Candakarana is a kind of dictionary or encyclopedia may also be called Java Kuna and its version of the earliest written at approximately the 8th century AD.
Experts suspect that very early period of this because this book contains the name of the dynasty. While the dynasty king who built the Borobudur temple is expected to rule by the end of the 8th century AD.
Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan
Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is a literary work in prose form. In the back is called Java seorangraja name, ie Mpu Spoon, who dwells in Java Timurmulai from tahun929 until 947 years of lessons Masehi.isinya Mahayana Buddhism. Most of the composition perincinan gods in schools Mahayanaan often match the placement of the kings of Buddha in Borobudur temple. There are also about people samadi procedure.
Brahmandapurana
Brahmandapurana is an Old Javanese literary prose form. This literary work contains no date when the orders were written and by whom. But viewed from the style of language is likely to come from the same period by Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan. But there are major differences, namely Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is the book of the Mahayana Buddhists while Brahmandapurana written for and by religion (Hindu) Shiva.
Its contents vary, such as the origin story of the world and jagatraya created, the state of nature, appeared four castes (Brahmins, warriors, Vaishya and sudra), about the different stages of the Brahmins (caturasrama) and others.
Agastyaparwa
Agastyaparwa is an Old Javanese literary prose form. Brahmandapurana similar contents. Although Agastyaparwa written in Old Javanese language, but many Seloka-Seloka inserted in Sanskrit.
The contents of the circumstances of a saint called the Dredhasyu the discussion and ask for teaching to his father the Bagawan Agastya. One of the things discussed was the matter of why someone went up to heaven or falling into hell.
Uttarakanda
Uttarakanda is the book to-7 Ra m ay a na. It is estimated that this book is extra. Book Uttarakanda in bentukprosa found also in Old Javanese. The content was not found in Kakawin Ramayana. At the beginning of the Old Javanese version of this there are references to refer to King Dharmawangsa Teguh.
Content
• Story Ravana
o Occurrence of the giants, the ancestor of Ravana or
Rawana
o Fiber Arjunasasrabahu Stories
• Story Goddess Sita
o Disposal of Sita in the forest, because it had long been on the side
Rama
o Birth goad and Lawa in the hermitage in the forest
o 'Death "Sita Adiparwa
Adiparwa (Sanskrit) is the first book or parts (parwa) first of kisahMahabha flat. Basically, this section contains a summary of the overall story of the Mahabharata, the stories about the background story, the ancestor of keluargaBhara ta, to youth danPandawa Kauravas). Her story is told in a frame story and the story line jumped up and down so it does not flow well. The narrative of the Bharata family story begins with a conversation between Bagawan Ugrasrawa who went in the woods Nemisa Sonaka Bagawan
ANDRA JOGJA
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